Karakteristike otpadnih voda iz rafinerija, tehnike prečišćavanja i njihova ograničenja - pregled

Autori

  • Shuokr Qarani Aziz Salahaddin University-Erbil, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kurdistan Region, Iraq + Noble Private Institute, Surveying Department, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-2083
  • Sazan Mohammed Ali Salahaddin University-Erbil, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Iraq + Noble Private Institute, Surveying Department, Erbil, Iraq Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5937/ror2101019A

Ključne reči:

karakteristike, ugljovodonici, rafinerija, postupci prečišćavanja, otpadne vode

Apstrakt

Velike količine otpadnih voda nastaju u rafinerijama tokom postupaka prilikom kojih se koristi sirova nafta, postupka destilacije, kao i u sistemima za hlađenje. Uzorci otpadnih voda se moraju preraditi pre ispuštanja u životnu sredinu. Odlaganje neprečišćenih otpadnih voda iz rafinerija stvara probleme za izvore vode, kao i za životnu sredinu. Cilj ovog rada je bilo ispitivanje karakteristika otpadnih voda, tehnika za prečišćavanje, kao i njihovih ograničenja. Izrađen je niz tabela u kojima se rezimira i daje pregled karakteristika otpadnih voda, postupaka za prečišćavanje i operativnih ograničenja postupaka. Rezultati su pokazali da su vrednosti nekih parametara, kao što su biohemijska potreba kiseonika (BPK), hemijska potreba kiseonika (HPK), fenola, ulja i masti, kao i ukupne suspendovane supstance (TSS) redom iznosile 40,25 mg/L do 8.000 mg/L, 80 mg/L do 21.000 mg/L, 3,5 mg/L do 128 mg/L, 12,7 mg/L do 50.000 mg/L, i 22,8 do 2.580 mg/L. Prilikom prečišćavanja otpadnih voda korišćene su brojne tehnike za prečišćavanje. Svaka tehnika je pokazala svoju prednost, slabost, kao i operativno ograničenje. Većina ukupne suspendovane supstance, ulja i masti, kao i organskih materijala je bila elimisana u jedinicama za primarni i sekundarni tretman. Tercijarni/napredni postupak je bio neophodan za uklanjanje preostalih delova zagađivača, teških metala, jedinjenja azota i fosfora. Kombinacija fizičkog, hemijskog i biološkog postupka povećava efikasnost uklanjanja zagađivača.

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