Green Hydrogen in Serbian Transport: A review of Technologies, Challenges and Prospects

Apstrakt

The transport sector significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions, necessitating a transition towards sustainable, low-carbon alternatives. Green hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable energy, has emerged as a particularly promising solution for heavy-duty, public, and intercity transport where battery electrification faces limitations. This review systematically analyzes the technological, environmental, and economic aspects of hydrogen applications in transport, with a specific focus on the Republic of Serbia. The methodology follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature review of scientific publications, industry reports, and strategic documents from 2010 to 2026. Results indicate that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles offer high efficiency, long range, and fast refueling times, yet their widespread adoption is hindered by high costs, infrastructure deficits, and the need for sustainably produced hydrogen. Globally, Europe and Asia lead in infrastructure development, while Serbia is in early stages, with pilot projects such as HyDSerbia and the H2V Rasina Hydrogen Valley underway. The paper concludes that Serbia possesses the research base and strategic interest to develop a hydrogen economy, but faces significant challenges in infrastructure, financing, and regulatory alignment. Key future directions include establishing refueling stations, implementing fleet trials in public transport, and integrating into European hydrogen networks.