Uticaj kvaliteta otpadnih voda na životnu sredinu - pregled
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/ror2501001QKljučne reči:
životna sredina, zagađenje, tretman, urbanizacija, kvalitet otpadnih vodaApstrakt
Ponovna upotreba prečišćenih otpadnih voda (za poljoprivredu i kao dopuna potrebama za pijaćom vodom) postaje sve popularnija kao pouzdan izvor vode. Ova studija ispituje uticaj neprečišćene ili nedovoljno prečišćene otpadne vode na životnu sredinu. Kvalitet otpadnih voda doprinosi degradaciji recipijenata, pri čemu su otpadne vode jedan od glavnih faktora različitih problema zagađenja voda. Loš kvalitet ispuštenih otpadnih voda doprinosi pogoršanju ekološkog statusa vodotokova. Mikroorganizmi prisutni u otpadnim vodama obavljaju niz korisnih funkcija u ekosistemima, ali mnogi od njih su istovremeno glavni uzročnici različitih bolesti koje se prenose vodom. Stoga je neophodno temeljno prečišćavanje otpadnih voda pre njihovog ispuštanja, kako bi se izbegli patofiziološki rizici za korisnike i vodene ekosisteme. Ispuštanje sirovih i nedovoljno tretiranih otpadnih voda u vodene tokove ima i trenutne i dugoročne posledice po ekosistem i ljudsko zdravlje. Jedini način da se umanji negativan uticaj otpadnih voda na životnu sredinu, ljudsku fiziologiju i javno zdravlje jeste dosledna primena zakona o zaštiti voda i životne sredine u ruralnim i urbanim sredinama, kao i adekvatan tretman otpadnih voda pre njihovog ispuštanja. Ovo se može postići primenom odgovarajućih tehnika prečišćavanja koje smanjuju rizike po životnu sredinu i zdravlje ljudi. Postizanje ispuštanja otpadnih voda bez zagađenja recipijenata zahteva pažljivo planiranje, odgovarajući tretman, redovno praćenje i poštovanje zakonskih propisa.Reference
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